Poland population
Poland: 36.4 million people in 2025 (36,435,861), 44th of 217 countries and areas — and 31.4 million projected for 2050.
Compare Poland with another country
Where it stands
In 2025 Poland has 36,435,861 people, which is 0.44% of the 8.19 billion counted across the 217 countries and areas on this site. That puts it 44th by population, behind Saudi Arabia and ahead of Malaysia.
Since 1960
In 1960 the figure was 29,637,450. Since then the population has grown 1.23×, an average of 0.32% a year upward. It has not yet doubled since then.
The population peaked in 1998 at 38,663,481, and it has fallen 5.8% since. By 2050 the projected total is 31,440,980, 13.7% below the 2025 figure.
The ranking in 2050
In 2050 the projected rank is 61st, down 17 places from 44th. Rankings move when other countries grow faster or slower, not only when Poland changes.
People and land
Poland covers 306,270 km² of land, so 2025 density is 119 people per km² — 92nd most crowded of 216 places with an area figure. At that density a square 10 km on a side holds about 11,897 people.
The fertility rate was 1.14 births per woman in 2024, below the roughly 2.1 needed to keep a population steady without migration; life expectancy at birth was 78.4 years (2024); 14.5% of people were under 15 and 20.8% were 65 or older (2025); 60% of the population lived in cities. These shape the curve above: a young population keeps growing after fertility falls, an old one starts shrinking sooner.
Its nearest neighbours in the ranking are Saudi Arabia just above, with 37 million (1.01× as many), and Malaysia just below, with 36 million (1.01× as many as Malaysia has).
How the numbers are taken. Total population from the World Bank's population estimates and projections (built from United Nations and national statistics). Values to 2025 are estimates; 2026–2050 are projections that continue current fertility, mortality and migration trends. Sources and limits.